structure of computer system

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Basic Structure of Computer

All types of computers follow a same basic logical structure and perform the following five basic operations for converting raw input data into information useful to their users.
Following diagram shows the basic structure of Computer:
Basic structure
Input Unit
This unit contains devices with the help of which we enter data into computer. This unit makes link between user and computer. The input devices translate the information into the form understandable by computer.
CPU (Central Processing Unit)
CPU is considered as the brain of the computer. CPU performs all types of data processing operations. It stores data, intermediate results and instructions(program). It controls the operation of all parts of computer.
CPU itself has following three components
  • ALU(Arithmetic Logic Unit)
  • Memory Unit
  • Control Unit
Output Unit
Output unit consists of devices with the help of which we get the information from computer. This unit is a link between computer and users. Output devices translate the computer’s output into the form understandable by users.
Sr.No.OperationDescription
1Take InputThe process of entering data and instructions into the computer system
2Store DataSaving data and instructions so that they are available for processing as and when required.
3Processing DataPerforming arithmetic, and logical operations on data in order to convert them into useful information.
4Output InformationThe process of producing useful information or results for the user, such as a printed report or visual display.
5Control the workflowDirects the manner and sequence in which all of the above operations are performed.

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