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Types of Linked Lists There are 3 different implementations of Linked List available, they are: Singly Linked List Doubly Linked List Circular Linked List Let's know more about them and how they are different from each other. Singly Linked List Singly linked lists contain nodes which have a  data part as well as an  address part  i.e.  next , which points to the next node in the sequence of nodes. The operations we can perform on singly linked lists are  insertion ,  deletion  and  traversal . Doubly Linked List In a doubly linked list, each node contains a  data part and two addresses, one for the  previous  node and one for the  next  node. Circular Linked List In circular linked list the last node of the list holds the address of the first node hence forming a circular chain.

Introduction to Linked Lists Linked List is a very commonly used linear data structure which consists of group of  nodes  in a sequence. Each node holds its own  data  and the  address of the next node  hence forming a chain like structure. Linked Lists are used to create trees and graphs. Advantages of Linked Lists They are a dynamic in nature which allocates the memory when required. Insertion and deletion operations can be easily implemented. Stacks and queues can be easily executed. Linked List reduces the access time. Disadvantages of Linked Lists The memory is wasted as pointers require extra memory for storage. No element can be accessed randomly; it has to access each node sequentially. Reverse Traversing is difficult in linked list. Applications of Linked Lists Linked lists are used to implement stacks, queues, graphs, etc. Linked lists let you insert elements at the beginning and end of the list. In Linked Lists we don't need to know the

NETWORK TOPOLOGY Defination of Network topology:- 1. The way of connecting the computers in a network is called as topology.    OR 2. The topology of a network is "the geometric representation of the relationship of all the links and linking devices in a network".    OR 3  Network topology is define as "the physical interconnection between various element on computer network, such as links and nodes". TYPES OF TOPOLOGY :- 1. Bus topology 2. Ring topology 3. Star topology 4. Mesh topology 5. Tree topology 6.Hybrid topology 1.Bus topology :- 1.  In networking , a topology that allows all network nodes to receive that same message through the network cable at the same time is called as Bus topology. 2. A network that uses a bus topology is referred to as "Bus network". 3. When the transmission medium has exactly two endpoints, the network topology is known by the name, 'linear bus topology'. Advanta

INTRODUCTION Digital computer concept:- 1. Digital computers are designed to store, process and communicate information in digital form. 2. Digital computer is any of a class of digital devices capable of solving problems by processing information in discrete form. 3. It is used for processing data represented by discrete, localized physica signals, as the presence or electic current. 4.The main three components of digital computer:- >input:- The user gives a set of input data through input devices. >Processing :- The input data is processed with the help of CPU by well defined and finite sequence of step. >Output : - Some data available from the processing step are output to the user. TYPE OF DIGITAL COMPUTER :- 1.Microcomputer/Desktop computer 2.Minicomputer 3.Mainframe computer 4.Supercomputers Microcomputer :- 1.Microcomputer is also called a personal computer or desktop computer. 2.It includes a microprocessor, memory, and

CONCEPT OF HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE HARDWARE :- 1.  Hardware means internal and external physical parts of computer. 2.  Examples of hardware in a computer are the keyboard, the monitor, the mouse, and the central processing unit (CPU). 3.  A computers hardware is comprised of many different parts, but perhaps the most important of these is the motherboard. 4.  The motherboard is made up of even more parts that power and control the computer. 5.  Computer hardware includes :   > System unit   > Peripheral devices  > Input devices i.e, keyboard, mouse, etc.   > Output devices i.e, Display unit, printer, etc.   > Storage devices like hard disk, floppy disks, etc. Computer component:-  Keyboard, Mouse, Light pen, Touch screen, Graphics table, Joystick, Microphone, OCR, Scanner, Smart card reader, Bar code reader, Biometric sensor, Web camera, VDU, etc. SOFTWARE :- 1.  A set of instructions called as program and a set of program we cal

Data Definition Data Definition defines a particular data with the following characteristics. Atomic − Definition should define a single concept. Traceable − Definition should be able to be mapped to some data element. Accurate − Definition should be unambiguous. Clear and Concise − Definition should be understandable. Data Object Data Object represents an object having a data. Data Type Data type is a way to classify various types of data such as integer, string, etc. which determines the values that can be used with the corresponding type of data, the type of operations that can be performed on the corresponding type of data. There are two data types − Built-in Data TypeDerived Data Type Built-in Data Type Those data types for which a language has built-in support are known as Built-in Data types. For example, most of the languages provide the following built-in data types. IntegersBoolean (true, false)Floating (Decimal numbers)Character and Strings Deriv

What is Database :- The database is a collection of inter-related data which is used to retrieve, insert and delete the data efficiently. It is also used to organize the data in the form of a table, schema, views, and reports, etc. For example: The college Database organizes the data about the admin, staff, students and faculty etc. Using the database, you can easily retrieve, insert, and delete the information. DBMS (Database Management System):- Database management system is a software which is used to manage the database. For example: MySQL, Oracle, etc are a very popular commercial database which is used in different applications.DBMS provides an interface to perform various operations like database creation, storing data in it, updating data, creating a table in the database and a lot more.It provides protection and security to the database. In the case of multiple users, it also maintains data consistency. DBMS allows users the following tasks:- Data Definition: I