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   Operating System | Types of Operating Systems An  Operating System  performs all the basic tasks like managing file,process, and memory. Thus operating system acts as manager of all the resources, i.e.  resource manager . Thus operating system becomes an interface between user and machine. Types of Operating Systems:  Some of the widely used operating systems are as follows- 1. Batch Operating System – This type of operating system do not interact with the computer directly. There is an operator which takes similar jobs having same requirement and group them into batches. It is the responsibility of operator to sort the jobs with similar needs. Advantages of Batch Operating System: It is very difficult to guess or know the time required by any job to complete. Processors of the batch systems knows how long the job would be when it is in queue Multiple users can share the batch systems The idle time batch system is very less It is easy to manage large work repeat

       Operating Systems | Need and Functions Goal of an Operating System: The fundamental goal of a Computer System is to execute user programs and to make tasks easier. Various application programs along with hardware system are used to perform this work. Operating System is a software which manages and control the entire set of resources and effectively utilize every part of a computer. The figure shows how OS acts as a medium between hardware unit and application programs. Need of Operating System: OS as a platform for Application programs:  Operating system provides a platform, on top of which, other programs, called application programs can run. These application programs help the users to perform a specific task easily. It acts as an interface between the computer and the user. It is designed in such a manner that it operates, controls and executes various applications on the computer. Managing Input-Output unit:  Operating System also allows the computer to manage i

                          operating system The Operating System is a program with the following features − An operating system is a program that acts as an interface between the software and the computer hardware.                                                                     It is an integrated set of specialized programs used to manage overall resources and operations of the computer.                                                                               It is a specialized software that controls and monitors the execution of all other programs that reside in the computer, including application programs and other system software. Objectives of Operating System The objectives of the operating system are − To make the computer system convenient to use in an efficient manner. To hide the details of the hardware resources from the users. To provide users a convenient interface to use the computer system. To act as an intermediary between the hardwa

DATA COMMUNICATION Data communication  refers to the exchange of data between a source and a receiver via form of transmission media such as a wire cable. Data communication is said to be local if communicating devices are in the same building or a similarly restricted geographical area.                                                                   DATUM mean the facts information statistics or the like derived by calculation or experimentation. The facts and information so gathered are processed in accordance with defined systems of procedure. Data can exist in a variety of forms such as numbers, text, bits and bytes. A data communication system may collect data from remote locations through data transmission circuits, and then outputs processed results to remote locations.                      Components of data communication system : A Communication system has following components:  1.  Message : It is the information or data to be communicated. It can co

Computer Memory – Primary and Secondary Memory in Computer Computer Memory –   Memory is storage part in computer. It is store the data, information, programs during processing in computer. It stores data either temporarily or permanent basis. Memory used to important role in saving and retrieving data. Types of Memory – Mainly computer have two types memory Primary Memory / Volatile Memory. Secondary Memory / Non Volatile Memory . 1.   Primary Memory / Volatile Memory –    Primary memory is internal memory of the computer.  It is also known as main memory and Temporary memory .Primary Memory holds the data and instruction on which computer is currently working. Primary Memory is nature volatile. It means when power is switched off it lost all data. Types of  Primary Memory – Primary memory is generally of two types. RAM ROM 1. RAM (Random Access Memory) – It stands for Random Access Memory.RAM is known as read /writes memory. It generally refereed as main memory o